Chiropractic Wikipedia. Chiropractic is a form of alternative medicine mostly concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine. Proponents claim that such disorders affect general health via the nervous system. These claims are not backed by any evidence. The main chiropractic treatment technique involves manual therapy, especially spinal manipulation therapy SMT, manipulations of other joints and soft tissues. Its foundation is at odds with mainstream medicine, and chiropractic is sustained by pseudoscientific ideas such as subluxation and innate intelligence that are not based on sound science. Numerous controlled clinical studies of treatments used by chiropractors have been conducted, with conflicting results. Systematic reviews of this research have not found evidence that chiropractic manipulation is effective, with the possible exception of treatment for back pain. A critical evaluation found that collectively, spinal manipulation was ineffective at treating any condition. Spinal manipulation may be cost effective for sub acute or chronic low back pain but the results for acute low back pain were insufficient. The efficacy and cost effectiveness of maintenance chiropractic care are unknown. There is not sufficient data to establish the safety of chiropractic manipulations. It is frequently associated with mild to moderate adverse effects, with serious or fatal complications in rare cases. There is controversy regarding the degree of risk of vertebral artery dissection, which can lead to stroke and death, from cervical manipulation. Several deaths have been associated with this technique1. Chiropractic is well established in the United States, Canada, and Australia. It overlaps with other manual therapy professions, including massage therapy, osteopathy, and physical therapy. Most who seek chiropractic care do so for low back pain. Back and neck pain are considered the specialties of chiropractic, but many chiropractors treat ailments other than musculoskeletal issues. Many chiropractors describe themselves as primary care providers,42. Chiropractic has two main groups straights, now the minority, emphasize vitalism, innate intelligence and spinal adjustments, and consider vertebral subluxations to be the cause of all disease mixers, the majority, are more open to mainstream views and conventional medical techniques, such as exercise, massage, and ice therapy. D. D. Palmer founded chiropractic in the 1. B. J. Palmer helped to expand it in the early 2. Throughout its history, chiropractic has been controversial. Despite the overwhelming evidence that vaccination is an effective public health intervention, among chiropractors there are significant disagreements over the subject,2. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. In this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving 127 patients with moderatetosevere upperlimb impairment 6 months or more after a stroke, we randomly. The American Medical Association called chiropractic an unscientific cult in 1. Chiropractic has had a strong political base and sustained demand for services in recent decades, it has gained more legitimacy and greater acceptance among conventional physicians and health plans in the United States. Conceptual basis. Philosophy. Chiropractic is generally categorized as complementary and alternative medicine CAM,1 which focuses on manipulation of the musculoskeletal system, especially the spine. Its founder, D. D. Palmer, called it a science of healing without drugs. Chiropractics origins lie in the folk medicine of bonesetting,4 and as it evolved it incorporated vitalism, spiritual inspiration and rationalism. Its early philosophy was based on deduction from irrefutable doctrine, which helped distinguish chiropractic from medicine, provided it with legal and political defenses against claims of practicing medicine without a license, and allowed chiropractors to establish themselves as an autonomous profession. This straight philosophy, taught to generations of chiropractors, rejects the inferential reasoning of the scientific method,2. However, most practitioners tend to incorporate scientific research into chiropractic,2. A 2. 00. 8 commentary proposed that chiropractic actively divorce itself from the straight philosophy as part of a campaign to eliminate untestable dogma and engage in critical thinking and evidence based research. Ram Type Greek. Crossover Office 2010 Activation' title='Crossover Office 2010 Activation' />Two chiropractic belief system constructs. The testable principle. The untestable metaphor. Chiropractic adjustmentRestoration of structural integrityImprovement of health status. Universal intelligence. Innate intelligenceBody physiology. Materialistic Vitalistic Operational definitions possible. Putty Xmodem File Transfer on this page. Lends itself to scientific inquiry. Origin of holism in chiropractic. Cannot be proven or disproven. Taken from Mootz Phillips 1. Although a wide diversity of ideas exist among chiropractors,2. Some chiropractors claim spinal manipulation can have an effect of a variety of ailments such as irritable bowel syndrome and asthma. Chiropractic philosophy includes the following perspectives 3. Holism assumes that health is affected by everything in an individuals environment some sources also include a spiritual or existential dimension. In contrast, reductionism in chiropractic reduces causes and cures of health problems to a single factor, vertebral subluxation. Homeostasis emphasizes the bodys inherent self healing abilities. Chiropractics early notion of innate intelligence can be thought of as a metaphor for homeostasis. A large number of chiropractors fear that if they do not separate themselves from the traditional vitalistic concept of innate intelligence, chiropractic will continue to be seen as a fringe profession. Crossover Office 2010 Activation' title='Crossover Office 2010 Activation' />A variant of chiropractic called naprapathy originated in Chicago in the early twentieth century. It holds that manual manipulation of soft tissue can reduce interference in the body and thus improve health. Straights and mixers. Range of belief perspectives in chiropractic. Perspective attribute. Find the latest business news on Wall Street, jobs and the economy, the housing market, personal finance and money investments and much more on ABC News. Potential belief endpoints. Scope of practice narrow straight broad mixerDiagnostic approach intuitive analytical. Philosophic orientation vitalistic materialistic. Scientific orientation descriptive experimental. Process orientation implicit explicit. Crossover Office 2010 Activation' title='Crossover Office 2010 Activation' />Noregistration upload of files up to 250MB. Not available in some countries. Sometimes it happens that disk check always starts to check the file system on one or more drives for consistency. If any key is pressed, the disk checking. TheINQUIRER publishes daily news, reviews on the latest gadgets and devices, and INQdepth articles for tech buffs and hobbyists. Original Article. Dose Comparisons of Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Acute Coronary Syndromes. The CURRENTOASIS 7 Investigators N Engl J Med 2010 363930942. Practice attitude doctormodel centered patientsituation centered. Professional integration separate and distinct integrated into mainstream. Taken from Mootz Phillips 1. Straight chiropractors adhere to the philosophical principles set forth by D. D. and B. J. Palmer, and retain metaphysical definitions and vitalistic qualities. Straight chiropractors believe that vertebral subluxation leads to interference with an innate intelligence exerted via the human nervous system and is a primary underlying risk factor for many diseases. Straights view the medical diagnosis of patient complaints which they consider to be the secondary effects of subluxations to be unnecessary for chiropractic treatment. Thus, straight chiropractors are concerned primarily with the detection and correction of vertebral subluxation via adjustment and do not mix other types of therapies into their practice style. Their philosophy and explanations are metaphysical in nature and they prefer to use traditional chiropractic lexicon terminology e. They prefer to remain separate and distinct from mainstream health care.